List of sovereign states in the 1880s
This is a list of sovereign states in the 1880s, giving an overview of states around the world during the period between 1 January 1880 and 31 December 1889. It contains entries, arranged alphabetically, with information on the status and recognition of their sovereignty. It includes widely recognized sovereign states, entities which were de facto sovereign but which were not widely recognized by other states, and 1 state which was initially unrecognized but then gained full recognition later in the decade.
Sovereign states[edit]
Name and capital city | Information on status and recognition of sovereignty | |
---|---|---|
| ||
A[edit] | ||
| ||
Abuja – Abuja Emirate Capital: Abuja |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Agadez – Tenere Sultanate of Aïr[1] Capital: Agadez |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Andorra – Principality of Andorra[2] Capital: Andorra la Vella |
Widely recognized independent state. The President of France and Bishop of Urgell were ex officio Co-Princes of Andorra. The defense of Andorra was the responsibility of France and Spain. | |
| ||
Angoche – Angoche Sultanate[3] Capital: Angoche | ||
| ||
Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole[4] Capital: Mbarara |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Argentina – Argentine Republic[5] Capital: Buenos Aires | ||
| ||
Aro – Aro Confederacy Capital: Arochukwu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Ashanti – Asante Union[6] Capital: Kumasi |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa Capital: Aussa |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Austria-Hungary – Austro-Hungarian Empire[7] Capital: Vienna (Cisleithania), Budapest (Transleithania) |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
B[edit] | ||
| ||
Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi Capital: Massenya |
Tributary state of the Bornu Empire. | |
| ||
Bali – Kingdom of Bali Capital: Klungkung |
Widely recognized state. Bali was a series of kingdoms that ruled the island of Bali. | |
| ||
Baol – Kingdom of Baol[8] Capital: Diourbel |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland[9] Capital: Mongu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium[10] Capital: Brussels |
Widely recognized state. Belgium has sovereignty over 1 corporatocracy and 1 condominium:
| |
| ||
Benin – Kingdom of Benin[11] Capital: Edo |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan Capital: Punakha |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Biu – Biu Kingdom Capital: Biu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia Capital: Sucre (official), La Paz (administrative) |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora[12] Capital: Nunue, Vaitape |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Bornu – Bornu Empire[13] Capital: Ngazargamu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Brakna – Brakna Emirate Capital: Aleg |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Brazil[14] Capital: Rio de Janeiro
|
Brazil was a federation of 20 states and one federal district.[a] | |
| ||
Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei (to 1888) Capital: Kampong Ayer |
Widely recognized state to 1888. Annexed by the United Kingdom on 1888. | |
| ||
Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda Capital: Mengo |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Bulgaria – Principality of Bulgaria[15] Capital: Sofia |
De facto independent, and de jure vassal state under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. | |
| ||
Bulungan – Sultanate of Bulungan (to 1880) Capital: Tanjung Palas |
Widely recognized state to 1880. Vassal state of Sulu to 1880. Annexed by the Netherlands on 1880. | |
| ||
Bunyoro – Bunyoro-Kitara Kingdom Capital: Hoima |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Burma – Kingdom of Burma[16] (to 1885) Capital: Mandalay |
Widely recognized state to 1885. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1885. | |
| ||
Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi Capital: Gitega |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Busoga – Kingdom of Busoga Capital: Bugembe |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
C[edit] | ||
| ||
Canada – Dominion of Canada Capital: Ottawa |
Widely recognized state. Commonwealth realm. | |
| ||
Champasak – Kingdom of Champasak[17] Capital: Champasak |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Siam. | |
| ||
Chile – Liberal Republic of Chile[18] Capital: Santiago |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
→ China – Great Qing Empire Capital: Beijing |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Chokwe – Chokwe Kingdom Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Colombia Capital: Bogota
|
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Congo – Congo Free State (from July 1, 1885) Capital: Boma
|
Sovereignty recognized on 8 November 1884. Widely recognized state from 1 July 1885. | |
| ||
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica Capital: San Jose |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
D[edit] | ||
| ||
Dagbon – Kingdom of Dagbon Capital: Yendi |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey[19] Capital: Abomey |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Dai Nam – Dai Nam Realm (to 25 August 1883) Capital: Phú Xuân |
Widely recognized state to 25 August 1883. Tributary state of China to 25 August 1883. Annexed by France on 25 August 1883. | |
| ||
Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti[20] Capital: N'Délé |
Widely recognized state. Vassal state of Dar Runga. | |
| ||
Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Capital: Copenhagen |
Widely recognized state. Denmark had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
| |
| ||
Dhala – Emirate of Dhala Capital: Dhale |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Dominican Republic – Second Republic Capital: Santo Domingo |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
E[edit] | ||
| ||
Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador Capital: Quito |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador Capital: San Salvador |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire Capital: Addis Ababa |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
F[edit] | ||
| ||
Fadhli – Fadhli Sultanate[21] (to 1888) Capital: Shuqrah |
Widely recognized state to 1888. | |
| ||
France – French Republic Capital: Paris |
Widely recognized independent state. France had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
| |
| ||
Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon Capital: Timbo |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
G[edit] | ||
| ||
Garo – Kingdom of Garo (to 1883) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 1883. Annexed by Jimma in 1883. | |
| ||
Gaza – Gaza Empire[22] Capital: Manjacaze |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Geledi – Sultanate of the Geledi Capital: Afgooye |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Gera – Kingdom of Gera (to 1887) Capital: Chala |
Widely recognized state to 1887. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1887. | |
| ||
Germany – German Empire Capital: Berlin |
Widely recognized independent state. Germany had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
| |
| ||
Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma (to 1886) Capital: Agaro |
Widely recognized state to 1886. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1886. | |
| ||
Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa Capital: Jongaya |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Greece – Kingdom of Greece Capital: Athens |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala Capital: Guatemala City |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma (to 1885) Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state to 1885. Annexed by the Ethiopian Empire in 1885. | |
| ||
Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman Capital: Sampa, Drobo |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
H[edit] | ||
|
||
Ha'il – Emirate of Jabal Shammar Capital: Ha'il |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Haiti – Republic of Haiti[23] Capital: Port-au-Prince |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
→ Harar – Emirate of Harar (to 1887) Capital: Ge |
Subject of the Khedivate of Egypt to 1884. Widely recognized state from 1884 to 1887. | |
| ||
Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii Capital: Honolulu |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Honduras – Republic of Honduras Capital: Tegucigalpa |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine Capital: Huahine |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
Hunza – State of Hunza Capital: Baltit |
Widely recognized state. | |
| ||
I[edit] | ||
|
||
Igala – Igala Kingdom Capital: Idah |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
||
Igara – Kingdom of Igara
Capital: Not specified |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
||
Ilé-Ifẹ̀ – Ilé-Ifẹ̀ Kingdom Capital: Ilé-Ifẹ̀ |
Widely recognized state. | |
|
||
Isaaq – Isaaq Sultanate Capital: Hargeisa |
Widely recognized state to 1884. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1884 | |
|
||
Italy – Kingdom of Italy Capital: Rome |
Widely recognized independent state. Italy had sovereignty over the following overseas territories:
|
|
|
J[edit]
- Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
- Japan – Empire of Japan
- Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma (to 1884)
- Johor – Sultanate of Johor (to December 11, 1885)
- Jolof – Jolof Kingdom (to 1889)
K[edit]
- Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
- Kajara – Kajara Kingdom
- Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo (to 1885)
- Kano – Emirate of Kano
- Kasanje – Jaga Kingdom
- Kathiri
- Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
- Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso (to 1880)
- Kong – Kong Empire
- Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
- → → → → → → Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
- Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya
- Kuba – Kingdom of Kuba (to 1884)
L[edit]
- Lafia Beri-Beri – Lafia Beri-Beri Kingdom
- Liberia – Republic of Liberia
- Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
- Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
- Loango – Kingdom of Loango (to 1883)
- Lower Yafa – Sultanate of Lower Yafa
- Luba – Luba Empire (to 1889)
- Lunda – Lunda Empire (to 1887)
- Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
M[edit]
- Maguindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
- Mahra
- Majeerteen Sultanate
- Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives (to 1887)
- Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva (to February 21, 1881)
- Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
- Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi
- Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
- Mbunda – Mbunda Kingdom
- Merina – Kingdom of Imerina
- Mexico – United Mexican States
- Monaco – Principality of Monaco
- Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
- Moresnet – Neutral Moresnet
- Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
- Mossi Kingdoms – Mossi Empire
- Mthwakazi – Kingdom of Mthwakazi
- Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman
- Mutayr – Emirate of Mutayr
N[edit]
- Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
- Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal
- Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
- → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
Norway → Sweden and Norway
O[edit]
- Orange Free State
- Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
- Oyo – Oyo Empire
P[edit]
- Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang (to 1888)
- Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
- Persia – Sublime State of Persia
- Peru – Peruvian Republic
- Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
Q[edit]
- Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Mukalla (to 1888)
R[edit]
- → Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea (to 19 March 1888)
- Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui (to September 9, 1888)
- Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga (to 1888)
- Red Nation
- Romania
- United Principalities of Romania (to March 15, 1881)
- Kingdom of Romania (from March 15, 1881)
- → Russia – Russian Empire
- Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda (to 1885)
S[edit]
- Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
- San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
- Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
- Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
- → Serbia
- Principality of Serbia (to March 6, 1882)
- Kingdom of Serbia (from March 6, 1882)
- Setul Mambang Segara – Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara
- Siam – Kingdom of Siam
- Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
- Spain – Kingdom of Spain
- Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
Sweden → Sweden and Norway
- Sweden and Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
- Switzerland – Swiss Confederation
T[edit]
- Tagant – Emirate of Tagant
- Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti (to June 29, 1880)
- Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga
- Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
- Trarza – Emirate of Trarza
- Tunis – Beylik of Tunis
U[edit]
- United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- United States – United States of America
- Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
- Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
- Upper Yafa – State of Upper Yafa
- Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay
V[edit]
W[edit]
- Wadai – Wadai Empire
- Wahidi Balhaf
- Wahidi Haban
- Wajoq
- Wassoulou – Wassoulou Empire
- Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
Y[edit]
- Yeke – Yeke Kingdom
Z[edit]
- Zabarma – Zabarma Emirate
- Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar (to February 17, 1885)
- Zululand – Kingdom of Zulu (to 1887)
States claiming sovereignty[edit]
- Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
- → Counani – Republic of Independent Guiana
- Cuba – Republic of Cuba
- Franceville – Independent Commune of Franceville (from August 9, 1889)
- Goshen – State of Goshen (from October 24, 1882, to August 6, 1883)
- Goust – Republic of Goust
- Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
- → Stellaland – Republic of Stellaland (from July 26, 1882, to September 30, 1885)
- Transvaal – South African Republic (from August 3, 1881)
- Upingtonia – Republic of Upingtonia (from October 20, 1885, to June 1887)
Notes[edit]
- ^ 20 States: Alagoas, Amazonas, Bahia, Ceará, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraíba, Paraná, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Sergipe. 1 Federal District: Federal District.
References[edit]
- ^ James B. Minahan (2016). Encyclopedia of Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 418. ISBN 978-1-61069-954-9.
- ^ "Andorra", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, November 3, 2021, retrieved 2021-11-17
- ^ Syed, Muzaffar Husain; Akhtar, Syed Saud; Usmani, B. D. (14 September 2011). Concise History of Islam. New Delhi, India: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. p. 162. ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
- ^ Briggs, Philip; Roberts, Andrew (5 November 2016). Uganda. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 534. ISBN 9781784770228. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- ^ "Argentina", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2021-11-16, retrieved 2021-11-19
- ^ "Asante empire". www.britannica.com. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
- ^ McCarthy, Justin (1880). A History of Our Own Times, from 1880 to the Diamond Jubilee. New York, United States of America: Harper & Brothers, Publishers. pp. 475–476.
- ^ Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, Bulletin: Sciences humaines, Volume 38 (1976), pp. 452-458
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 424–425.
- ^ "Belgium", The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency, 2022-01-21, retrieved 2022-02-06
- ^ Bradbury, R. E. (16 August 2018), "Continuities and Discontinuities in Pre-colonial and Colonial Benin Politics (1897–1951)", Benin Studies, Routledge, pp. 76–128, doi:10.4324/9781351031264-4, ISBN 978-1-351-03126-4, S2CID 159119713, retrieved 27 January 2023
- ^ "Bora-Bora". Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2022.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
- ^ Hudson, Rex A. Brazil: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1997, pg.22
- ^ Pearson, Raymond (25 September 2014). The Longman Companion to European Nationalism 1789–1920. Routledge. ISBN 9781317897774. Retrieved 15 October 2017 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ni, Lee Bih (2013). Brief History of Myanmar and Thailand. Universiti Malaysi Sabah. p. 7. ISBN 9781229124791.
- ^ Murdoch, John B. (1974). "The 1901-1902 Holy Man's Rebellion" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. JSS Vol.62.1 (digital image). Siam Heritage Trust: 2–9. Archived from the original (free) on July 13, 2018. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
Furthest afield were Vientiane and Bassac....
- ^ "República Liberal - Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile". www.memoriachilena.gob.cl.
- ^ Newbury, C. W. (1959). "A Note on the Abomey Protectorate". Africa. 29 (2): 146–155. doi:10.2307/1157517. JSTOR 1157517. S2CID 145105979.
- ^ Garbou, Henri (1912). "La région du Tchad et du Oudaï; études ethnographiques, dialecte Toubou". Bulletin de Correspondence Africaine. XLVII1.
- ^ Aitchison, G (1931). A Collection Of Treaties, Engagements And Sanads Relating To India And Neighbouring Countries. Vol. xi. Government of India. pp. 7–9. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 544–545.
- ^ Heinl, Robert (1996). Written in Blood: The Story of the Haitian People, 1492–1995. Lantham, Maryland: University Press of America. p. 791.